History of The Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize (/ˈnoʊbɛl/, Swedish pronunciation: [nʊˈbɛlː]; Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Norwegian: Nobelprisen) is a set of annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedishand Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.

The Nobel Prize
Awarded for	Outstanding contributions for humanity in chemistry, literature, peace, physics, and physiology or medicine and economics.
Country	Sweden (all prizes except the Peace Prize) Norway (Peace Prize only)
Presented by	Swedish Academy(Literature) Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences(Physics, Chemistry) Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute (Physiology or Medicine) Norwegian Nobel Committee (Peace)
Reward(s)	Prize money of 9 million SEK – Just over US$1 million (2017),[1] a medal (sold for up to US$4.76 million[2]) and a diploma.
First awarded	1901; 117 years ago
Number of laureates	584 prizes to 923 laureates as of 2017
Website	nobelprize.org

The will of the Swedish scientist Alfred Nobelestablished the five Nobel prizes in 1895. The prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine were first awarded in 1901.^[3][4][5] In 1968, Sweden's central bank Sveriges Riksbank established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, which, although not being a Nobel Prize,^[6] has become informally known as the "Nobel Prize in Economics".^[7][8][9] The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, economics and activism for peace.^[10][11][12]

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciencesawards the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel; the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine; the Swedish Academy grants the Nobel Prize in Literature; and the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

Between 1901 and 2017, the Nobel Prizes and the Economic Prizes were awarded 585 times to 923 people and organizations.^[4] With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 24 organizations, and 892 individuals.^[4][13] The prize ceremonies take place annually in Stockholm, Sweden (with the exception of the peace prize, which is held in Oslo, Norway). Each recipient, or laureate, receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money that has been decided by the Nobel Foundation. (As of 2017, each prize is worth 9,000,000 SEK, or about US$1,110,000, €944,000, £836,000 or ₹73,800,000.^[1]) Medals made before 1980 were struck in 23 carat gold, and later in 18 carat green gold plated with a 24 carat gold coating.

The prize is not awarded posthumously; however, if a person is awarded a prize and dies before receiving it, the prize may still be presented.^[14] A prize may not be shared among more than three individuals, although the Nobel Peace Prize can be awarded to organizations of more than three people.^[15

For more details - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize

Nobel Prize 

How to win Nobel Prize 

HOW TO PAY USING PAYPAL ACCOUNT

How do I use PayPal to pay?

Depending on the currency you're paying with, PayPal may be available as a payment method. If PayPal is available, you'll be able to select it on the checkout page. If you don’t see PayPal as an option, you’ll need to either switch to an eligible currency or select a different payment method.

Once you select PayPal as your payment method, a new browser window will pop-up and you’ll be taken to the login screen on the PayPal site:

1. Log in to your PayPal Account
2. Choose one of your linked payment methods (ex: a credit card or bank account) under Choose a way to pay
3. Click Continue
4. Confirm the payment method, read PayPal’s policies, then click Agree & Continue

You’ll be taken back to Airbnb’s checkout page where you can confirm and pay for your Airbnb reservation.

Once the payment for the full amount of the reservation is authorized by PayPal, your reservation request will be sent (or your Instant Book reservation will be confirmed). You'll only be charged once your reservation is confirmed. If your reservation request is canceled, declined, or it expires, the PayPal authorization will be voided and you won't be charged.

You may need to link a bank account or credit card to your PayPal account to complete your Airbnb reservation. This alternate payment source will only be used if your primary method doesn’t go through. The PayPal website has more information about linking payment sources.

How can I use my bank account to pay through PayPal?

Money can be securely transferred from your bank account to Airbnb using PayPal Instant Transfer.

To use PayPal Instant Transfer, you’ll need to go to your PayPal account and set it up as follows:

• Link your bank account as a funding source to your PayPal account. Note that this process can take up to 1-2 days. The PayPal website has more details about how to link a bank account to your PayPal account.
• Add a backup payment method (such as a credit card) to your PayPal account. PayPal will only use your backup payment method if your Instant Transfer doesn’t go through.

Once PayPal is set up with your linked bank account and backup payment method, you’ll be able to use Instant Transfer to pay on Airbnb. Follow the steps above and choose your bank account as the funding source when you’re asked to Choose a way to pay on the PayPal site.

For more Visit 

https://www.airbnb.com/help/article/486/how-do-i-use-paypal-to-pay?topic=1121

How to use your Debit/Credit Card for online purchasing

How to use your Debit Card for online purchasing 

How to shop online?

• Visit your merchant website
• Select the products you want to buy and choose to check out
• Select Debit/Credit Card as payment option
• Enter the details like Debit Card No, Expiry Date, CVV printed on your Card
• Enter your 6 digit 3D Secure PIN or One time password

Learn English "HOW TO BEAUTIFY A SENTENCE"

HOW TO BEAUTIFY A SENTENCE

When you add adjectives and adverbs to a sentence, it becomes more interesting here are some helpful hints and steps to follow.

You can begin a sentence with a subject that tells what he/she/it did.

The girls laughed.

Girls' is the subject and laughed' is what they did.

Now add an adjective to the subject.

1. The five girls laughed.

Add another adjective to say something more about the five girls.

2. The five naughty girls laughed.

Add an adverb to the verb. How did They Laugh?

3. The Five naughty girls laughed loudly.

Add more words that tell when, where how or why.

The five naughty girls laughed loudly during the interval.(When)

The five naughty girls laughed loudly In the Class Room. (Where)

The five naughty girls laughed loudly. (How)

Activity:

Add suitable adjective and adverbs to the following sentences and enjoy the fun.

1. The teacher smiled.

Say something about the teacher.

Is he tall, fat, kind, strict or lenient?

How did he smile?

2. The monster growled.

Say something about the monster how did he growl?

3. The pipe burst.

What was the pipe carrying?

How did it burst?

4. The players won.

Are they cricket or volleyball players? Did they win easily?

5. A kangaroo jumped.

Was it a baby kangaroo? (Gooey)

How did it jump?

6. The telephone rang.

Was it a land or a mobile phone?

Did it ring continuously? When did it ring?

7. The bottle leaked.

Was it a bottle of water?

When did it leak?

8. The doors slammed.

What kind of doors were they?

How did they slam?

9. The water splashed.

Was it clean or muddy water? When did it splash?

10. The ship arrived. Was it a passenger or cargo ship?

When did it arrive?

Learn English "Past Perfect Tense"

Past perfect tense

The past perfect tense is formed with 'had' and the past participle of the verb Affirmative
I had worked (First person singular)
You had worked (Second person singular)
He had worked Third person singular)
We had worked (First person on plural)
They had worked Third person plural)
plural) You had worked (Second per

Negative
I had not worked.
You had not worked.
He had not worked
you had not worked
We had not worked.
They had not worked.

Interrogative

Had I worked?
Had you worked?
Had he worked?
Had we worked?
Had you worked?
Had they worked?

Negative interrogative
Had I not worked?
Had you not worked?
Had he not worked?
Had we not worked?
Had you not worked?
Had they not worked?

Negative interrogative contracted
Hadn't I worked?
Hadn't you worked?
Hadn't he worked?
Hadn't we worked?
Hadn't you worked?
Hadn't they worked?

·         The past perfect tense is the past equivalent of the present perfect tense.

When I came home mother had left
He had lost his purse and had to borrow money from me.

·         The past perfect tense can be used with 'since', 'for', and  ‘always’

Anura had been a clerk since he was twenty.
Susila had waited at the bus halt for half an hour when her sister turned up.
Saman had always been an athlete until he fell ill.

·         The past perfect tense is used when the subject looks back on an earlier action.

My father had advised me not to seek employment until I was 22

I had just poured a cup of coffee when the doorbell rang

·         We use past perfect tense for the first action which led to the second action.

We usually use 'when' for this purpose.
When the soldier had opened fire, the terrorist ran for cover.
When he had finished the painting he sat down..
When I had seen all the exhibits I left the hall.

·         We use the past perfect tense to emphasis the completion of an action.

The beggar refused to leave till he had received a donation.

He did not rise from his seat till we had finished eating.
Before we had reached the cinema, the show started.

VLOOKUP function

Use VLOOKUP, one of the lookup and reference functions, when you need to find things in a table or a range by row. For example, look up a price of an automotive part by the part number.

Tip: Check out these YouTube videos from Excel community experts for more help with VLOOKUP!

In its simplest form, the VLOOKUP function says:
=VLOOKUP(Value you want to look up, range where you want to lookup the value, the column number in the range containing the return value, Exact Match or Approximate Match – indicated as 0/FALSE or 1/TRUE).

Technical details

 

Use the VLOOKUP function to look up a value in a table.

Syntax

VLOOKUP (lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

For example:

• =VLOOKUP(105,A2:C7,2,TRUE)
• =VLOOKUP("Fontana",B2:E7,2,FALSE)

Argument name	Description
lookup_value    (required)	The value you want to look up. The value you want to look up must be in the first column of the range of cells you specify in table-array . For example, if table-array spans cells B2:D7, then your lookup_value must be in column B. See the graphic below. Lookup_value can be a value or a reference to a cell.
table_array    (required)	The range of cells in which the VLOOKUP will search for the lookup_value and the return value. The first column in the cell range must contain the lookup_value (for example, Last Name in the picture below.) The cell range also needs to include the return value (for example, First Name in the graphic below) you want to find. Learn how to select ranges in a worksheet.
col_index_num    (required)	The column number (starting with 1 for the left-most column of table-array) that contains the return value.
range_lookup   (optional)	A logical value that specifies whether you want VLOOKUP to find an approximate or an exact match: TRUE assumes the first column in the table is sorted either numerically or alphabetically, and will then search for the closest value. This is the default method if you don't specify one. FALSE searches for the exact value in the first column.

How to get started

There are four pieces of information that you will need in order to build the VLOOKUP syntax:

1.   The value you want to look up, also called the lookup value.

2.   The range where the lookup value is located. Remember that the lookup value should always be in the first column in the range for VLOOKUP to work correctly. For example, if your lookup value is in cell C2 then your range should start with C.

3.   The column number in the range that contains the return value. For example, if you specify B2: D11 as the range, you should count B as the first column, C as the second, and so on.

4.   Optionally, you can specify TRUE if you want an approximate match or FALSE if you want an exact match of the return value. If you don't specify anything, the default value will always be TRUE or approximate match.

Now put all of the above together as follows:
=VLOOKUP(lookup value, range containing the lookup value, the column number in the range containing the return value, optionally specify TRUE for approximate match or FALSE for an exact match).

Examples

Here are a few examples of VLOOKUP:

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Common Problems

 

Problem	What went wrong
Wrong value returned	If range_lookup is TRUE or left out, the first column needs to be sorted alphabetically or numerically. If the first column isn't sorted, the return value might be something you don't expect. Either sort the first column, or use FALSE for an exact match.
#N/A in cell	If range_lookup is TRUE, then if the value in the lookup_value is smaller than the smallest value in the first column of the table_array, you'll get the #N/A error value. If range_lookup is FALSE, the #N/A error value indicates that the exact number isn't found. For more information on resolving #N/A errors in VLOOKUP, see How to correct a #N/A error in the VLOOKUP function.
#REF! in cell	If col_index_num is greater than the number of columns in table-array, you'll get the #REF! error value. For more information on resolving #REF! errors in VLOOKUP, see How to correct a #REF! error.
#VALUE! in cell	If the table_array is less than 1, you'll get the #VALUE! error value. For more information on resolving #VALUE! errors in VLOOKUP, see How to correct a #VALUE! error in the VLOOKUP function.
#NAME? in cell	The #NAME? error value usually means that the formula is missing quotes. To look up a person's name, make sure you use quotes around the name in the formula. For example, enter the name as "Fontana" in =VLOOKUP("Fontana",B2:E7,2,FALSE). For more information, see How to correct a #NAME! error.

Best practices

 

Do this	Why
Use absolute references for range_lookup	Using absolute references allows you to fill-down a formula so that it always looks at the same exact lookup range. Learn how to use absolute cell references.
Don't store number or date values as text.	When searching number or date values, be sure the data in the first column of table_array isn't stored as text values. Otherwise, VLOOKUP might return an incorrect or unexpected value.
Sort the first column	Sort the first column of the table_array before using VLOOKUP when range_lookup is TRUE.
Use wildcard characters	If range_lookup is FALSE and lookup_value is text, you can use the wildcard characters—the question mark (?) and asterisk (*)—in lookup_value. A question mark matches any single character. An asterisk matches any sequence of characters. If you want to find an actual question mark or asterisk, type a tilde (~) in front of the character. For example, =VLOOKUP("Fontan?",B2:E7,2,FALSE) will search for all instances of Fontana with a last letter that could vary.
Make sure your data doesn't contain erroneous characters.	When searching text values in the first column, make sure the data in the first column doesn't have leading spaces, trailing spaces, inconsistent use of straight ( ' or " ) and curly ( ‘ or “) quotation marks, or nonprinting characters. In these cases, VLOOKUP might return an unexpected value. To get accurate results, try using the CLEAN function or the TRIM function to remove trailing spaces after table values in a cell.

Need more help?

You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community, get support in the Answers community, or suggest a new feature or improvement on Excel User Voice.

See Also

Quick Reference Card: VLOOKUP refresher
Quick Reference Card: VLOOKUP troubleshooting tips
YouTube: VLOOKUP videos from Excel community experts
Everything you need to know about VLOOKUP
How to correct a #VALUE! error in the VLOOKUP function
How to correct a #N/A error in the VLOOKUP function
Overview of formulas in Excel
How to avoid broken formulas
Detect errors in formulas
Excel functions (alphabetical)
Excel functions (by category)
VLOOKUP (free preview)